Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Revised (WAI‐SR): psychometric properties in outpatients and inpatients

Münder, Thomas; Wilmers, Fabian; Leonhart, Rainer; Linster, Hans Wolfgang; Barth, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/cpp.658

Cited by 356 publications

(327 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The claims of early alliance formation may reflect the short-term nature of much of the participants' professional work, and is slightly different from the literature that suggest alliances can be accurately gauged by the third session (e.g. Munder, 2010).…”

Section: Establishing Swift Rapport In a Safe Placementioning

confidence: 65%

“…Research on therapeutic alliances has emerged predominantly from long-term data in the field of psychotherapy (e.g. Barnicot et al, 2012;Hersoug, Høglend, Havik, von der Lippe, & Monsen, 2009;Langhoff, Baer, Zubraegel, & Linden, 2008;Munder, 2010). Through analysing the experiences of eight counsellors and their observations of clients' alliance signals, this study identified specific issues that can emerge in short-term counselling.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Therapists’ experiences of alliance formation in short-term counselling

Pearson

Bulsara

2016

European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling

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While therapeutic alliance formation has been widely researched over many sessions of psychotherapy, the question of alliance formation in short-term counselling has been less explored. Given the increasing evidence in the literature for the positive impact of alliances on therapy outcomes, providing counsellors -who may work with clients for a limited number of sessionswith enhanced insight into alliance formation will be of value. This qualitative study investigated the experiences of eight counsellors forming alliances with clients over short periods. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Five major themes emerged, that while congruent with the alliance literature, add some details relevant to day-to-day practice. These themes included: the importance of strong alliances; the need for psychologically comfortable environments; the timing of alliance formation; and the impact of counsellor personal qualities -such as being realin strengthening and maintaining alliances. In addition, an unexpected sixth theme revealed that body language was highly valued as an indicator of strong or weak alliances. Implications for increasing the use of body language to enhance counselling practice and education are discussed. Body language, Counselling, Phenomenology, Therapeutic alliance, Rapport. 3 Therapists' experiences of alliance formation in short-term counselling. KEY WORDS:The therapeutic alliance concept evolved throughout the development of Western psychotherapy, first appearing in 1912 in Freud's early work (Elvins & Green, 2008).Alliances have been defined as "the collaborative and affective bond between therapist and patient" (Daniel, Garske, & Davis, 2000) and "the degree to which the patient experiences the relationship with the therapist as helpful or potentially helpful in achieving the patient's goals in psychotherapy" (Luborsky & Luborsky, 2006, p. 63). Over many decades the influences on, and the value of, strong working alliances in the context of long-term psychotherapy have For example, counsellors working in social support agencies often find clients attending once, twice or even three times, whereas psychotherapists may be accustomed to clients attending for one or more years. Research on therapeutic alliances has emerged predominantly from long-term data in the field of psychotherapy (e.g. Barnicot et al., 2012;Hersoug, Høglend, Havik, von der Lippe, & Monsen, 2009;Langhoff, Baer, Zubraegel, & Linden, 2008;Munder, 2010). Through analysing the experiences of eight counsellors and their observations of clients' alliance signals, this study identified specific issues that can emerge in short-term counselling. Counselling and therapeutic alliancesIt is generally considered conclusive that counselling is effective (e.g. Lambert, 2004;Rosenthal, 1990). An influential factor contributing to this effectiveness is the strength or depth of the counsellor-client relationship. Reviewers of the research are "virtually unanimous in their opinion that the...

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Section: Establishing Swift Rapport In a Safe Placementioning

confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapists’ experiences of alliance formation in short-term counselling

Pearson

Bulsara

2016

European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling

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“…Scores range from 12 to 84. Internal consistency for the total scale and each subscale is good (overall α =.68) (Munder, Wilmers, Leonhart, Linster, & Barth, 2010). Patient-reported medication beliefs, attitudes, and adherence were captured by the 10-item Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), which has been shown to have adequate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and positive correlations with related measures (α =.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Race, Patient Activation, and Working Alliance: Implications for Patient Engagement in Mental Health Care

Eliacin

Coffing

Matthias

et al. 2016

Adm Policy Ment Health

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This study explored the relationship between race and two key aspects of patient engagementpatient activation and working alliance -among a sample of African-American and White veterans (N=152) seeking medication management for mental health conditions. After adjusting for demographics, race was significantly associated with patient activation, working alliance, and medication adherence scores. Patient activation was also associated with working alliance. These results provide support for the consideration of race and ethnicity in facilitating patient engagement and patient activation in mental healthcare. Minority patients may benefit from targeted efforts to improve their active engagement in mental healthcare.

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“…Engagement was measured using the Service Engagement Scale that was completed by the participants keyworker and it has four subscales measuring availability, collaboration, help seeking and adherence (Tait et al 2002). The Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised was used to measure therapeutic relationship and this is a 12 item self-report questionnaire with scores ranging from 12 to 84, with higher scores representing a better therapeutic relationship (Munder et al 2010).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service users’ perspective of their admission: a report of study findings

O’Donoghue

Roche²,

Lyne

et al. 2016

Ir. j. psychol. Med.

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Objectives. The 'Service Users' Perspective of their Admission' study examined voluntarily and involuntarily admitted services users' perception of coercion during the admission process and whether this was associated with factors such as the therapeutic alliance, satisfaction with services, functioning and quality of life. This report aims to collate the findings of the study.Methods. The study was undertaken across three community mental health services in Ireland. Participants were interviewed before discharge and at 1 year using the MacArthur Admission Experience. Caregivers of participants were interviewed about their perception of coercion during the admission.Results. A total of 161 service users were interviewed and of those admitted involuntarily, 42% experienced at least one form of physical coercion. Service users admitted involuntarily reported higher levels of perceived coercion and less procedural justice than those admitted voluntarily. A total of 22% of voluntarily admitted service users reported levels of perceived coercion comparable with involuntarily admitted service users and this was associated with treatment in a secure ward or being brought to hospital initially under mental health legislation. In comparison with the service user, caregivers tended to underestimate the level of perceived coercion. The level of procedural justice was moderately associated with the therapeutic relationship and satisfaction with services. After 1 year, 70% experienced an improvement in functioning and this was not associated with the accumulated level of coercive events, when controlled for confounders.Conclusions. This study has provided valuable insights into the perceptions of coercion and can help inform future interventional studies aimed at reducing coercion in mental health services.

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Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Revised (WAI‐SR): psychometric properties in outpatients and inpatients

Abstract: • This study demonstrates good psychometric properties of the WAI-SR in outpatients and inpatients.• The WAI-SR is ready to be used by psychotherapists interested in the therapeutic alliance, for supervision and process research.

Cited by 356 publications

References 15 publications

Therapists’ experiences of alliance formation in short-term counselling

Therapists’ experiences of alliance formation in short-term counselling

The Relationship Between Race, Patient Activation, and Working Alliance: Implications for Patient Engagement in Mental Health Care

Service users’ perspective of their admission: a report of study findings

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