Phenomenography is a qualitative research approach that seeks to explore variation in how people experience various aspects of their world. Phenomenography has been used in numerous information research studies that have explored various phenomena of interest in the library and information sphere. This paper provides an overview of the phenomenographic method and discusses key assumptions that underlie this approach to research. Aspects including data collection, data analysis and the outcomes of phenomenographic research are also detailed. The paper concludes with an illustration of how phenomenography was used in research to investigate students’ experiences of web-based information searching. The results of this research demonstrate how the phenomenographic approach yields insights into variation, making it possible to develop greater understanding of the phenomenon as it was experienced, and to draw upon these experiences to improve and enhance current practice.

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Exploring information use within everyday or community contexts is a recent area of interest for information literacy research endeavors. Within this domain, health information literacy (HIL) has emerged as a focus of interest due to identified synergies between information use and health status. However, while HIL has been acknowledged as a core ingredient that can assist people to take responsibility for managing and improving their own health, limited research has explored how HIL is experienced in everyday community life. This article will present the findings of ongoing research undertaken using phenomenography to explore how HIL is experienced among older Australians within everyday contexts. It will also discuss how these findings may be used to inform policy formulation in health communication and as an evidence base for the design and delivery of consumer health information resources and services.

Given identified synergies between information use and health status greater understanding is needed about how people use information to learn about their health. This paper presents the findings of preliminary research into health information literacy. Analysis of data from semi-structured interviews revealed six different ways ageing Australians experience using information to learn about their health. Health information literacy is new terrain for information literacy research endeavours and one which warrants further attention by the profession to foster and promote within the community. … the set of abilities needed to: recognise a health information need; identify likely information sources and use them to retrieve relevant information; assess the quality of the information and its applicability to a specific situation; and analyse, understand and use the information to make good health decisions (MLA, 2003, para 5). This manuscript was received in March 2009 and is based on work done in a Queensland University of Technology Masters program. This is a refereed paper. IntroductionSeveral factors underline the importance and relevance of health information literacy for individuals, and the need to promote and develop this within the broader community. These include acknowledged interplay between health and information use, and rising demand for community access to health information emerging from changing interrelationships between professionals and consumers in the health care industry. Furthermore, the collective health status of our community has significant implications for current and future demand on health care systems, and health information literacy is an important tool that can assist individuals maintain good health and wellbeing.The modern world reflects an economy underpinned by knowledge, and it is information that enables individuals and communities to develop new knowledge to resolve issues on personal, professional and social levels. It has also been acknowledged that individual health behaviour is significantly influenced by knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, and synergies between these attributes can determine present and future health status (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008). If knowledge has the power to influence and shape individuals' health status it is important that we understand how people use information to learn about their health; that is, we need to understand how people experience health information literacy. This paper discusses the findings of preliminary research which explored how health information literacy is experienced in one aspect of community life. It reveals and provides early insights into: variation in how ageing Australians are using information to learn about • and maintain their health, and variation in what people constitute as information that is used for • maintaining health.The first objective was to examine the whole experience of health information literacy. Exploring variation in what constitutes information within that experience was id...

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Practical implications -Argues that, to achieve this organizations have to drive home the message that diversity and inclusion are everyone's business. Social implications -Advances the view that a unified approach to diversity and inclusion, which is embedded in the business ethics of the organization, can have a sustainable positive impact on the health and well-being of individuals, business and society. Originality/value -Considers diversity and inclusion from diverse perspectives and draws conclusions that can help organizations to perform better in these areas. Article type: General reviewKeyword(s): Equal opportunities; Diversity; Inclusion; Organizational performance; Corporate culture Diversity and inclusion in the workplace are increasingly accepted as fundamental business tools in today's organizations. This is because businesses are gradually beginning to recognize that their potential to achieve better results is increased when people from diverse backgrounds and perspectives are included at different levels of the organization, including in the decision-making process. However, many organizations still struggle with how to effectively implement a robust diversity and inclusion agenda and embed it into their business plan. The need for effective engagement

Residency training programs have had to keep pace with evolving technology while preparing future surgeons to perform with confidence upon completion of residency training. The majority of residents feel their training has been adequate, but there are also a great number who believe they will need to continue their education in laparoscopic surgery to keep pace with this ever-evolving field.