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This article provides the final results of a 3‐year study that sought to discover whether early career researchers (ECRs) were the harbingers of change with respect to scholarly communications. Over a hundred science and social science ECRs from seven countries, spanning three continents, were depth‐interviewed annually for 3 years (2016–2018) about their attitudes and behaviours with respect to 23 scholarly issues and activities (aspects). In order to provide an accessible overarching assessment of an extremely large and complex dataset, the interview data were categorized according to the strength and direction of change exhibited and the trends and points of interest raised. Results show that all ECRs have changed in one way or another, and a small minority has changed greatly in both attitude and practice and that collaboration and research impact are the scholarly aspects where most changes have occurred, and the greatest cause of change is not so much new technology as a change of jobs.

PurposeThis JISC funded UK National E‐Books Observatory study is a benchmarking survey of e‐book usage and perceptions in more than 120 participating universities. The paper aims to present the results that investigated: use of e‐books in general (methods of obtaining e‐books, reasons for using, viewing/reading behaviour in connection with e‐books); use of e‐books provided by the library; use of JISC collection texts (use and awareness); use of the library and print material in general.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on an online survey which was conducted between 18 January and 1 March 2008, over which period 22,437 full or partial responses were received.FindingsThe study shows that e‐book penetration is very strong (61.8 per cent of all students are already using them in connection with their scholarly work, as teachers or students), so the e‐book revolution has already happened but clearly it has some way to go.Originality/valueThe paper presents the results of the biggest survey of its kind ever conducted, which represents a huge advance in one's knowledge of e‐book use on a national scale.

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This article gives new guidelines for recognition, visualization, classification, and treatment of cracked teeth based on the routine use of 16x magnification. The significance of enamel cracks as they relate to dentinal cracks is detailed.

ABSTRACT. The paper identifi es changes that have occurred in the Web

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to report on continuing research undertaken on the way the Google Generation behave on the internet and to compare this with an earlier highly publicised study by the paper's authors. Design/methodology/approach -This research use a televised practical experiment and a remote web global test incorporating search, working memory and multi-tasking experiments. Findings -The Google Generation appears to behave very differently from older generations. By their own admission they are less confident about their searching prowess and this is also demonstrated by the fact that they viewed fewer pages, visited fewer domains and undertook fewer searches. Also, tellingly, their search statements were much more the product of cut and paste. The Google Generation also have poorer working memories and are less competent at multi-tasking, both of which may have implications for researching in an online environment. Originality/value -The paper introduces of multi-tasking and cognitive measurement in evaluating and describing information-seeking behaviour; comparing the web behaviour of young and old; the first time this has been shown on public television.

ResearchGate (RG) is a scholarly social network that possesses an impressive array of reputational metrics and has the potential to supplant publishers as the prime deliverer of scholarly reputation. It possesses 10 reputational mechanisms, and these are the subject of an evaluation employing desk research, expert evaluation, and an analysis of 400 RG members. The main conclusions are: RG(1) provides a rich, albeit confusing, amount of reputational data; (2) struggles with the deployment of alternative, engagement metrics, such as Q&A and follower data, which can lead to reputational anomalies; (3) employs usage data in an especially effective manner; and (4) leads the field in the way it engages with the scholar. LITERATURE REVIEWResearchGate has attracted much interest, although surprisingly no one appears to have covered all its reputational features from the standpoint of the individual researcher. Commentators either concentrate on the RG Score or its membership. One exception is Thelwall and Kousha's (2015) examination of RG's reputational metrics, which, however, has been undertaken from the institutional and geographical perspective. Thus, it sets out to assess whether RG usage and publication data reflect existing academic hierarchies and whether individual countries benefit or lose out from the site. Results show that rankings based on RG statistics correlate moderately well with other rankings of academic institutions, suggesting