Human parsing has recently attracted a lot of research interests due to its huge application potentials. However existing datasets have limited number of images and annotations, and lack the variety of human appearances and the coverage of challenging cases in unconstrained environment. In this paper, we introduce a new benchmark 1 "Look into Person (LIP)" that makes a significant advance in terms of scalability, diversity and difficulty, a contribution that we feel is crucial for future developments in humancentric analysis. This comprehensive dataset contains over 50,000 elaborately annotated images with 19 semantic part labels, which are captured from a wider range of viewpoints, occlusions and background complexity. Given these rich annotations we perform detailed analyses of the leading human parsing approaches, gaining insights into the success and failures of these methods. Furthermore, in contrast to the existing efforts on improving the feature discriminative capability, we solve human parsing by exploring a novel self-supervised structure-sensitive learning approach, which imposes human pose structures into parsing results without resorting to extra supervision (i.e., no need for specifically labeling human joints in model training). Our self-supervised learning framework can be injected into any advanced neural networks to help incorporate rich high-level knowledge regarding human joints from a global perspective and improve the parsing results. Extensive evaluations on our LIP and the public PASCAL-Person-Part dataset demonstrate the superiority of our method.

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CIMP is independently associated with significantly worse prognosis in CRC patients. However, CIMP's value as a predictive factor in assessing whether adjuvant 5-FU therapy will confer additional survival benefit to CRC patients remained to be determined through future prospective randomized studies.

High-voltage lithium-ion batteries (HV-LIBs) enabled by high voltage electrolytes can effectively boost the energy density and power density, of which critical requirements to achieve long travel-distance, fast-charging, and reliable safety performances for electric vehicles. However, operating the batteries beyond the typical conditions of LIBs (4.3 V vs.Li/Li + ) leads to a severe electrolyte decomposition, while the interfacial side reactions remain elusive. These critical issues become the bottleneck for developing electrolytes for applications

Objective To assess the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the incidence and disease-specific mortality of endometrial cancer (EC). Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and conference abstracts of the 2011–2013 Annual Meetings of Society of Gynecological Oncology were searched for reports of original cohort studies that enrolled diabetic and non-diabetic women who were free of EC at baseline to compare the incidence and disease-specific mortality of EC by DM status. The included reports were examined for demographic characteristics of study populations, study design, effect measures and risk of bias. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated with Chi-square test of the Cochrane Q statistics at the 0.05 significance level and I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed by visual examination of a funnel plot and the Egger’s test for small-study effects. Results Twenty-nine cohort studies (17 prospective, 12 retrospective) were eligible for this review, 23 of which reported EC incidence, five reported disease-specific mortality and one reported both. For incidence of EC among women with versus without DM, the summary relative risk (RR) was 1.89 (95%CI, 1.46–2.45; p < 0.001) and the summary incidence rate ratio was 1.61 (95%CI, 1.51–1.71; p < 0.001). The pooled RR of disease-specific mortality was 1.32 (95%CI, 1.10–1.60; p = 0.003), while results in the studies reporting standardized mortality ratios were inconsistent. There remains considerable amount of clinical and methodological heterogeneity among the included studies; moreover, the hazard ratios for incident EC showed significant statistical heterogeneity and therefore were not quantitatively synthesized. Conclusions There is consistent evidence for an independent association between DM and an increased risk of incident EC, while the association between DM and EC-specific mortality remains uncertain. Further studies with better considerations for selection bias, information bias and confounding will further facilitate causal inference involving DM and EC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the sixth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent studies identified that circ-ITCH Suppresses mutiple cancers proliferation via inhibiting the Wnt/beta-Catenin pathway. In current study, conducted a genetic association study together with epidemiological follow-up study to delineate the role of circ-ITCH in the development and progression of HCC. we found rs10485505 (adjusted OR =1.18; 95% CI=1.06-1.31; P value =3.1×10-3) and rs4911154 (adjusted OR =1.27; 95% CI=1.14-1.43; P value =3.7×10-5) were significantly associated with increased HCC risk. The expression level of circ-ITCH was significantly lower in HCC tissues, compared with that in adjacent tissues (P value < 0.001). Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression of circ-ITCH was associated with favorable survival of HCC (HR=0.45; 95% CI=0.29-0.68; P value < 0.001). These results indicate that circ-ITCH may have an inhibitory effect on HCC, and could serve as susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers for HCC patients.

Aldosterone increases renal tubular Na؉ absorption in large part by increasing transcription of the epithelial Na ؉ channel ␣-subunit (␣-ENaC) expressed in the apical membrane of collecting duct principal cells. We recently reported that a complex containing the histone H3K79 methyltransferase disruptor of telomeric silencing-1 (Dot1) associates with and represses the ␣-ENaC promoter in mouse inner medullary collecting duct mIMCD3 cells, and that aldosterone acts to disrupt this complex and its inhibitory effects (Zhang, W., Xia, X., Reisenauer, M. R., Rieg, T., Lang, F., Kuhl, D., Vallon, V., and Kone, B. C. Epithelial Na ϩ channel (ENaC) 2 is composed of three genetically distinct subunits (␣, ␤, and ␥), and is expressed in the apical membrane of salt-absorbing epithelia of kidney, colon, and lung (1). ENaC expressed in the distal nephron constitutes the rate-limiting step for renal Na ϩ and fluid reabsorption and therefore is essential for physiological control of blood pressure and electrolyte composition. Genetic disorders of ENaC activity, such as pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 and Liddle syndrome, are characterized by hypotension and hypertension, respectively (2). The number of channels present at the plasma membrane is highly regulated through channel biosynthesis and delivery to the plasma membrane and by channel retrieval from the plasma membrane (4 -6). Of the three ENaC subunits, it is synthesis of ␣-ENaC subunits that appears to be rate-limiting for the formation of new ENaC multimers. Thus mechanisms controlling ␣-ENaC gene transcription are central to the understanding of channel biosynthesis.Aldosterone, a key regulator of epithelial Na ϩ absorption, induces transepithelial Na ϩ transport in the collecting duct in large part through activation of ␣-ENaC gene transcription. Aldosterone administration or secondary hyperaldosteronism caused by salt restriction enhances ␣-ENaC gene transcription without increasing ␤ or ␥ subunit expression or altering ␣-ENaC mRNA turnover (3). The biological actions of aldosterone on target gene transcription have generally been believed to be mediated principally or exclusively through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family. Aldosterone has both immediate (Ͻ3 h) effects on ENaC, attributed to increased trafficking or activity of ENaC in the apical membrane, and delayed actions (Ͼ3 h) that involve the synthesis of new ENaC subunits (1,2,15,18,33). A highly conserved imperfect glucocorticoid-response element (GRE) has been identified in the 5Ј-flanking regions of the human, mouse, and rat ␣-ENaC genes and found to be necessary for trans-activation (12,17,35). Although heterologous expression of human ␣-ENaC in murine M1 collecting duct cells suggests that increased ␣-ENaC expression alone may be insufficient to increase ENaC activity under basal conditions, increased ␣-ENaC expression does appear to be necessary for full aldosterone induction of ENaC function (4).In prior work, we identified in the mouse inner medullary c...

Using MTurk convenience samples can yield generalizable findings for experiments and observational studies. Prevalence estimates from MTurk convenience samples are likely to be over- or underestimates.