Context:Establishing and developing minimum data set (MDS), controlled vocabularies, taxonomies and classification systems are requirements of health information system in every society.Aims:The aim of this study was to propose an integrated multiple sclerosis (MS) data set by comparing European database for multiple sclerosis (EDMUS Coordinating Center Lyon, France) and iMed© software's (iMed, Merck Serono SA - Geneva). EDMUS is being developed at the EDMUS coordinating centers in Lyon, France and iMed© is owned and distributed by Merck Serono in Geneva, Switzerland.Settings and Designs:Retrieval of data of MDS performed through scholars responsible in related agencies and clinics.Materials and Methods:This research was an applied. The study was comparative-exploratory. In this study, data elements in iMed© and EDMUS software's were compared. Data collecting tool was data raw form.Statistical Analysis Used:Results analyzing was carried out in a descriptive-comparative method. MS data elements were proposed in three general categories: administrative; clinical; and socio-economic. In this study, a MS data set was suggested by studying data elements of EDMUS and iMed© softwares.Results:The MS data set includes administrative, clinical and socio-economic data elements that collect information of MS patients during the treatment course. iMed©, EDMUS and other available databases are suitable patterns for determining and recognizing MS key data elements.Conclusion:Developing MS data set in this study and studying other available MS information systems result in establishing standardized MS data set. By establishing this data set, it will be possible to present MS MDS internationally. MS MDS is the main base of establishing MS information systems at different levels.
Student engagement has an important role in academic achievement in all learning contexts, including e-learning environments. The extent of monitoring and promoting student engagement in e-learning affects the quality of education and is a determining factor for ensuring student’s success. Log data of students’ activities recorded in a learning management system (LMS) can be used to measure their level of engagement in the online teaching–learning process. No previous studies have been found stating a consistent and systematically raised list of LMS-based student engagement indicators, so this systematized review aimed to fulfill this gap. The authors performed an advanced search in the PubMed, Ovid, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Emerald, and ERIC databases to retrieve relevant original peer-reviewed articles published until the end of June 2021. Reviewing the 32 included articles resulted in 27 indicators that were categorized into three themes and six categories as follows: (a) log-in and usage (referring to LMS, access to course material), (b) student performance (assignments, assessments), and (c) communication (messaging, forum participation). Among the categories, access to course material and messaging were the most and the least mentioned, respectively.
Introduction: Absence of a standard information system for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients causes inaccuracy and unreliability when producing information and statistics about prevalence and incidence of MS in Iran. Minimum Data Set (MDS) is a standard tool for collecting and recording data, and the basis of information systems. The aim of this study was to establish Multiple Sclerosis Minimum Data Set (MSDMS) for Iran. Methods: This research was an applied one and an exploratory study which was done in Isfahan, Iran, in four phases: 1) determining data elements related to MS in Iran and other countries; 2) extracting and categorizing data elements; 3) making an MSMDS draft; 4) evaluating of draft by Delphi technique. Ethics approval was not necessary. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics indexes, (relative and absolute frequencies only). Results: Following the results of 2 rounds Delphi technique, finally, MSMDS was established including 150 data elements in three categories: administrative, clinical and socioeconomic. Every category included, respectively, 6, 11 and 6 subcategories and 27, 84 and 39 data elements and detailed information. Conclusion:The first and most important step to standardization of data collection nationally, is creating MDS. According to specialists' consensus on necessity of available data elements in presenting MSMDS, using this MDS is recommended as a basis for collecting data on MS patients.
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