SQUID Magnetic Measurements on#1 -z+1,x-1/2,-y+1/2 Positional parameters and B(eq) for 2.62(5)2.40(5) 2.1(4) 2.4(4) 2.4(4) 2.3(4) 2.0(4) 2.0(4) 2.1(5) 2.7(6) 2.5(5) 3.2(6) 3.0(6) 3.9(7) 3.1(6) 4.3(7) 2.5(5) 3.7(6) 2.8(6) 3.1(6) 3.8(6) 3.3(6) 2.2(5) 2.2(5) 3.0(6) 2.6(5) 2.9(6) 3.5(6) 3.1(6) 3.7(7) 2.8(6) 3.3(6) 3.0(6) 2.5(5) 2.8(6) 3.0(6) 2.4(5) 2.6(5) 2.9(6) 2.5(5) 3.8(7) 3.3(6) 4.0(7) 3.7(7) 3.2(6) 3.2(6) 2.4(5) 2.9(6) 2.6(5) 0 1996 American Chemical Society J. Am. Chem. Soc. VI 18 Page8623 Laplaza Supplemental Page 9Positional parameters and B(eq) for 0.044(7) 0.038 (7 1.960 (7) 1.964 (7) 1.977 (7) 1.970 (7) 1.968 (7) 1.956 (7) 1.42 (1) 1.50(1)1.42 (1) 1.48 (1) 1.44 (1) 1.49 ( 122.8(9)122 (1) 117 ( 120 (1) 120 (1) 120 (

Ageing is the largest risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and soft drusen and basal linear deposits are lipid-rich extracellular lesions specific to AMD. Oil red O binding neutral lipid represents a major age-related deposition in the Bruch membrane (BrM) and the first identified druse component. Decades after these seminal observations, a natural history of neutral lipid deposition has been articulated and a biochemical model proposed. Results obtained with multiple biochemical, histochemical, and ultrastructural methods, and supported indirectly by epidemiology, suggest that the RPE secretes apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoprotein particles of unusual composition into BrM, where they accumulate with age eventually forming a lipid wall, a precursor of basal linear deposit. The authors propose that constituents of these lesions interact with reactive oxygen species to form pro-inflammatory peroxidised lipids that elicit neovascularisation. Here, the authors summarise key evidence supporting both accumulation of BrM lipoproteins leading to lesion formation and lipoprotein production by the RPE. The authors update their model with genetic associations between AMD and genes historically associated with plasma HDL metabolism, and suggest future directions for research and therapeutic strategies based on an oil-spill analogy.

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The largest risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is advanced age. A prominent age-related change in the human retina is the accumulation of histochemically detectable neutral lipid in normal Bruch’s membrane (BrM) throughout adulthood. This change has the potential to have a major impact on physiology of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It occurs in the same compartment as drusen and basal linear deposit, the pathognomonic extracellular, lipid-containing lesions of ARMD. Here we present evidence from light microscopic histochemistry, ultrastructure, lipid profiling of tissues and isolated lipoproteins, and gene expression analysis that this deposition can be accounted for by esterified cholesterol-rich, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles constitutively produced by the RPE. This work collectively allows ARMD lesion formation and its aftermath to be conceptualized as a response to the retention of a sub-endothelial apolipoprotein B lipoprotein, similar to a widely accepted model of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) (Tabas et al., 2007). This approach provides a wide knowledge base and sophisticated clinical armamentarium that can be readily exploited for the development of new model systems and the future benefit of ARMD patients.

The eye transduces light, and we usually do not think of it as a biomechanical structure. Yet it is actually a pressurized, thick-walled shell that has an internal and external musculature, a remarkably complex internal vascular system, dedicated fluid production and drainage tissues, and a variety of specialized fluid and solute transport systems. Biomechanics is particularly involved in accommodation (focusing near and far), as well as in common disorders such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, myopia, and presbyopia. In this review, we give a (necessarily brief) overview of many of the interesting biomechanical aspects of the eye, concluding with a list of open problems.

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The data suggest that the predilection of a extremely thin sublayer of inner Bruch's membrane for accumulating lipid particles may eventually lead to a confluent lipid wall capable of isolating the retina from its blood supply. If these lipids originate in the retinal pigment epithelium, then they are unlikely to have passed through the basal lamina in this form. The age-related increase in lipid particles corresponds with an age-related increase in hydraulic resistance determined in excised Bruch's membrane/choroid by others. QFDE will be useful for future modeling studies of Bruch's membrane transport and to identify those moieties responsible for deleterious age-related transport changes in Bruch's membrane.