Background/Objective: To determine the prevalence of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in Tehran, Iran. Methods: A population-based study was performed. In a random cluster sampling, 100 addresses were selected as the starting point of the survey for each cluster consisting of 25 households. To expand the geographic dimension of each cluster, the interviewers skipped 3 of 4 houses in gathering data for each study unit. Each person with traumatic SCI was evaluated initially by a nurse and then by a neurosurgeon by physical examination and spinal imaging at the hospital or at home. Results: Ninety-seven percent of all surveyed agreed to participate in the study (2,425 households, or 9,006 persons). Four cases of SCI were identified. The point prevalence of SCI was 4.4 [95% CI 5 1.2-11.4] per 10,000 people. Over the 5-year period from January 2003 through January 2008, the reported incidence rate of SCI was 2.2 (95% CI 5 0.27-8.00) per 10,000 people. Conclusions: In this, the first published population-based study from Iran, the prevalence of traumatic SCI in Tehran ranged from 1.2 to 11.4 per 10,000 people. More research is required to determine the patterns and causes of SCI. Development of a nationwide SCI registry or surveillance system is fundamental to an understanding of the epidemiology, and hence the prevention, of this costly health problem.

In a cross-sectional study, all trauma patients hospitalized for 24 hours or more over a 4-month period in Taleghani hospital, the only referral teaching centre in Kermanshah city, were studied (n = 779). Mean age was 34.7 (standard deviation 19.9) years. Male, unemployed and illiterate patients predominated. Road traffic accidents, falls and interpersonal violence were the most common mechanisms of injury. Among road traffic accident victims, pedestrians were the most vulnerable group. A total of 7.8% of patients died, mostly due to head injuries (78.7%). Our findings also showed the importance of head trauma as the main anatomical site of injury.

IntroductionAs a common type of malignancy, breast cancer is one of the major causes of death in women globally. The purpose of the current study was to analyze Iran research performance on Breast Cancer in the context of national and international studies, shown in the publications indexed in Scopus database during 1991–2015.MethodsData were retrieved from the Scopus citation database in this scientometric study. The following string was employed; “breast cancer OR breast malignancy OR breast tumor OR mammary ductal carcinoma” keywords in the main title, abstract and keywords and Iran in the affiliation field were the main related keywords. The terms used were searched in Scopus using the tab specified for searching documents. Time span analyzed was 1991 to 2015 inclusive. Using the analyzing software of Scopus, we analyzed the results.ResultsIran’s increasing publication production during 1991–2015 in breast cancer research which indexed in Scopus, consists of 2,399 papers with an average of 95.96 papers per year, and achieved an h-index of 48. Iranian cancer research articles have received 15,574 citations during 1991–2015, and average citations per paper were 6.49. Iran ranked 27th among the top 30 nations with a worldwide stake of 0.67 %, the 20 top publishing journals published 744 (31%) Iranian research articles on breast cancer, among them, there were 15 Iranian journals.ConclusionThe number of Iranian research papers on breast cancer and also the number of citations to them, is increasing. Although the quantity and quality of papers are increasing, regarding the prevalence of breast cancer in Iran and also the ineffectiveness of screening programs in the early detection of the cases, more effort should be made, and Iranian policy makers should consider more investment on breast cancer research.

AMAÇYanığı takiben ortaya çıkan mortalite oranı, önemli bir sonuç parametresidir. Bu çalışmada, Tahran'da hastaneye yatırılan erişkin yanıklı hastalarda mortalite ile birlikte olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMBu çapraz karşılaştırmalı çalışma, Tahran'daki iki yanık başvuru merkezinde bir yıllık periyotta yapıldı. Çalışma periyodunda hastaneye yatırılan 1321 erişkin (>15 yaş) yanıklı hasta çalışmaya kaydedildi. Mortalite ile birlikte olan faktörleri belirlemek üzere, tek değişkenli analiz ve çok değişkenli (lojistik regresyon) analiz yapıldı. BULGULARHastaların ortalama yaşı 33,1±14,9 yıl idi. Yanıkların bü-yük çoğunluğu kazaya bağlıydı (n=1076, %81,5). Yanık mekanizması ile ilgili olarak, petrol ürünleri ile en sık yanık nedeni idi. Ortalama yüzde yanık toplam vücut yü-zey alanı (TVYA) %39,9±%25,8 idi. Mortalite oranı %33 oldu. Sepsis, en sık mortalite nedeniydi. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre erişkin yanık hastalarında iş kazası olmayan yanıklar, yanık olan TVYA ve ikinci ve üçüncü derece yanıktan etkilenmiş yüzey alanı mortalitenin bağımsız belirleycileridir. SONUÇBu çalışma, çalışılan yanık merkezlerinde yüksek bir mortalite oranı olduğunu göstermiştir. Belirlenen risk faktör-leri olan hastalar, yatışları sırasında yüksek riskli hastalar olarak sınıflandırılmalı ve bu hastalara hastanede kalış sü-resince özel ilgi ve bakım gösterilmelidir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Yanık; İran; mortalite, risk faktörü; toplam vü-cut yüzey alanı.

Background:Oral self-care behaviors are not satisfactory among pregnant women; incidence of gingivitis is high in them and training programs have slightly improved their gingivitis. This study was aimed to explore self-care needs of pregnant women suffering from gingival inflammation.Materials and Methods:This study was carried out in Sanandaj, west of Iran, in 2017. Twenty pregnant women with gingivitis were included in the study. Data were collected via semi-structured individual and group interviews and note-taking, and were analyzed by conventional content analysis. To confirm the accuracy and strength of the data, credibility, confirmability, and transferability components were taken into account.Results:The results of data analysis yielded six major categories, including “organizational support,” “dentist's professional competence,” “increasing perceived threat,” “increasing self-efficacy,” “increasing perceived benefits,” and “culture-making.” Increased self-efficacy was the most important concern of pregnant women.Conclusions:The findings showed that self-care behaviors to prevent gingivitis in pregnant women are influenced by various factors. It is essential to consider the cooperation of the media and organizations, support of society, and attention of families and authorities to oral health education and disease prevention among women.

Introduction:Restless legs syndrome is a sensory-motor disorder that causes sleep disorder. The syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis associates with depression, sleep deprivation, performance disorder, day fatigue, excessive daytime sleepiness, stress, anxiety, and higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this systematic meta-analysis study was to estimate prevalence of restless legs syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods:Twenty-six relevant articles published between 2000 and 2015 indexed in Iranian (MagIran and IranMedex) and international databases (SID, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Pre Quest, and Scopus) were selected. Data analysis was carried out through meta-analysis (random effect model) and heterogeneity of the studies was determined using I2 index. The obtained data were analyzed in STAT (11.2).Results:Prevalence of the syndrome according to the found articles was 50% (95% CI: 38–61) in Iranian and 30% (95% CI:23–37) in international databases. There was an ascending trend of prevalence of the syndrome corresponding to the publication year of the articles (P=0.419), while the trend based on age of the patients was descending (P=0.604). However, the variations were not significant.Conclusion:Given the high prevalence and considerable effects of restless legs syndrome on patients undergoing hemodialysis, it is recommended that these patients be screened for the syndrome.

A 57-year-old female in complete remission of grade IV non-Hodgkin lymphoma whilst on intensive chemotherapy, suddenly developed unilateral hemispheric stroke with a fatal outcome in 3 days. She was apyrexial and had received antifungal prophylaxis during her treatment. Post-mortem examination showed complete thrombosis of the internal carotid artery leading to infarction in the territory of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. Microscopic examination of the brain showed involvement of intra-cranial vessel walls and brain parenchyma by mucormyces, with no evidence of systemic mucormycosis. Isolated cerebral mucormycosis is a rare occurrence, more commonly found in intravenous drug abusers, but can occur in patients with haematological malignancy.

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