Since the declaration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic confirmed by World Health Organization, work on the development of vaccines has been stimulated. When vaccines are commonly available, a major problem is persistent vaccine hesitancy in many European countries. The main goal of our study was to understand the multidimensional factors inducing this phenomenon in Poland. Our study was carried out at the third wave’s peak of the pandemic, with record rates of daily cases and deaths associated with COVID-19. The results indicate that vaccine hesitancy/acceptability should always be considered in an interdisciplinary manner and according to identified factors where most negative attitudes could be altered. Our analyses included the assessment of a representative quota sample of adult Poles (N = 1000). The vaccine hesitancy in the studied group reached 49.2%. We performed stepwise logistic regression modeling to analyze variables set into six trajectories (groups) predicting the willingness to vaccinate. Apart from typical, socio-demographic and economic determinants, we identified the fear of vaccines’ side effects, beliefs in conspiracy theories and physical fitness. We were also able to establish the order of importance of factors used in a full model of all impact trajectories.

To assess the frequency of persisting symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection and assessment of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on selected parameters of self-reported health status and well-being half a year after the disease. The study population consisted of 3 groups: post-COVID-19 group I—172 patients; group II—172 patients with chronic disease, who have not suffered from COVID-19; group III—81 patients from a population study cohort—Bialystok PLUS. A standardized interview questionnaire was used to collect data in the three groups using the CATI (computer assisted telephone interviewing) technique. Interviews were conducted between October 2020 and January 2021, thus during the second wave of the pandemic in Poland. The subjective state of health in comparison with the state of health before the COVID-19 pandemic deteriorated in COVID-19 convalescents. Patients, who suffered from symptomatic COVID-19 were more prone to nervousness, anxiousness, tension than patients with oligosymptomatic course of the disease. Moreover, anxiety, fear and irritability were more frequent in Group I and II in comparison to Group III, whereas Group I and II did not differ significantly. The decrease in physical activity observed in COVID-19 patients mirrored the changes in general population. The most frequent persistent symptoms after COVID-19 are: general malaise, cough, smell and taste disorder, dyspnea. COVID-19 convalescents who experienced symptomatic disease are more prone to development of nervousness, anxiousness, tension and anxiety than patients with oligosymptomatic course of the disease. Females and younger patients who suffered from COVID-19 are more prone to development of mental distress than healthy population. No significant differences between COVID-19 convalescents and healthy population was observed as far as the attitude towards physical activity is concerned.

Abstract. The article describes selected issues related to user safety on the Internet. This safety consists of a number of factors such as the technology that we use to communicate and to browse the Internet, and habits and behaviors that we have acquired and through which we can identify at least some typical hazards encountered on the Web. Knowledge of software and the ability to use it and to configure it properly as well as checking regularly for security updates reduces the risk of data loss or identity theft. Public awareness of threats continues to grow, but there are also new, previously unknown threats; that is why it is so important to inform of the dangers by all available channels of communication.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the healthcare system to drastically reduce in-person visits and suddenly switch to telemedicine services to provide clinical care to patients. The implementation of teleconsultation in medical facilities was a novelty for most Polish patients. In Poland, the main telehealth services were provided in the form of telephone consultations. The aim of this study is to determine patients’ perceptions of telemedicine in the context of their experiences with the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we presented how the evaluation of telemedicine services from the perspective of patients in Poland changed in the context of the ongoing pandemic. We conducted two surveys (year by year) on a representative quota sample of the Polish population (N = 623). This ensured that our observations took into account the evolution of views on telemedicine over time. We confirmed the well-known relationship that innovations introduced in the healthcare sector require a longer period of adaptation. We also identified significant concerns that limit the positive perception of telemedicine and compared them with experiences described in other countries.

Internet w szkole -szkoła w InternecieWykorzystanie Internetu -sieci tworzącej dynamiczną przestrzeń, w któ-rej rozwijają się wszelkiego rodzaju kursy, powstają strony encyklopedyczne, portale tematyczne wypełnione fachową wiedzą, fora dyskusyjne osób podzielających wspólne zainteresowania, e-wydawnictwa udostępniające opracowania naukowe -w edukacji na wszystkich jej szczeblach staje się w XXI wieku standardem [Nowak, Winkowska-Nowak 2009]. Informacja edukacyjna jest dostępna niezależnie od miejsca i czasu. Dostęp do zasobów informacyjnych sieci uległ delokalizacji przestrzennej i temporalnej. W dowolnym momencie i w dowolnym miejscu, dysponując mobilnym środkiem komunikacji, moż-na zacząć naukę i w dowolnym momencie można ją przerwać i do niej wró-cić. Można dopasowywać sposób przyswajania wiedzy do naszych osobistych możliwości i preferencji. Sami zaczynamy decydować o tym, jaki sposób tempo i zakres przekazu wiedzy i informacji jest dla nas najlepszy, najciekawszy, czy też najbardziej efektywny. Medium przekazującym może być film, dokument, czy też forma interaktywnej zabawy (szczególnie atrakcyjna forma edukacji dla najmłodszych), gdzie w zależności od naszych wyborów dostaniemy różne informacje zwrotne. Wszystko to już istnieje równolegle z nami, młodzi ludzie (uczniowie szkół podstawowych, gimnazjalnych i ponadgimnazjalnych) nie znają już z własnego doświadczenia "życia z epoki przedkomupterowej", świata bez Internetu. Internet w szkole nie jest już tylko jednym z dodatkowych "narzędzi dydaktycznych", jest on częścią świata, w którym uczniowie żyją,

The COVID-19 pandemic shook up societies, leaving a stigma on the health and well-being of many individuals. How big this stigma was depended on individual factors, which researchers are now trying to relate. One aspect affecting well-being during the pandemic may have been religiosity. In our longitudinal study of a representative sample of Poles, we took two measurements, in March 2021 and April 2022, obtaining a sample of N=622 repeated respondents out of 1000. We categorized participating individuals as religious, fuzzy or secular and, partly using retrospective questions, we compared their levels of well-being (WHO-5 index, Q-LES-Q-SF) before the outbreak as well as one and two years after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that in the general population, despite a decline in well-being one year after the pandemic outbreak (2021), there was an improvement in the following year (2022), with religiosity proving to have a positive impact on well-being. The religious category achieved higher well-being values than the secular, especially in March 2021, when the effects of the pandemic were strongly felt in society in the form of lockdowns and the highest number of deaths.

Poland has been entering a period of accelerated secularisation in recent years. The results of the CbOS survey indicate that this process is visible especially in the youngest cohorts of Poles. The women's Strike, which took place between 2016 and 2020, is described in the academic literature as one of the factors accelerating secularisation processes, mainly in the population of young women with feminist views. In 2021, we surveyed members of

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