Background: Manganese (Mn) used as raw material for melting process in the ferrous foundry is considered as hazardous neurotoxic substance because it accumulates in the central nervous system and may cause neurological disorders. The furnace-men and melting department workers are potentially exposed to manganese particles or fume in the workplace. The objective of the research has been to investigate the sources and levels of manganese exposure in the foundry by correlation of blood-manganese (B-Mn) and air-manganese (air-Mn) measurement. Material and Methods: Air-Mn and Mn of blood serum were measured involving workers who worked in a big-sized foundry during 1 year. The standard method of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ID-121 was used for air and blood assessment and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was carried out for air and blood sample analysis. Results: The air sampling results have revealed that there is a high exposure to manganese (4.5 mg/m 3 ) in the workplace as compared to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) time weighted average (the reference time-weighted average (TWA) = 1 mg/m 3 ). The average blood serum Mn concentration was 2.745 μg/l for subjects working for shorter than 3 months and 274.85 μg/l for subjects working 3-12 months. Conclusions: Against the research hypothesis there was no correlation between the air-Mn concentration and the B-Mn (serum) level of manganese in the serum of the exposed subjects. It may be due to short time of air sampling of manganese airborne particles, and a real-time monitoring of airborne manganese particles is suggested for any future study. Med Pr 2017;68(4): [449][450][451][452][453][454][455][456][457][458]
Introduction: Simultaneous exposure to noise and dust may have detrimental health effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of exposure to noise and dust on oxidative stress. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 82 employees of two livestock and poultry feed factories in Golestan Province, Iran, were selected as the exposed group and 82 office workers were selected as the control group. Occupational noise and dust exposure were measured using a dosimeter, sampling pump, and vinyl chloride filter. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood samples. T-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The levels of MDA and SOD in the exposed group were significantly higher and lower than the control group ( p < 0.001), respectively. The results showed the subgroup with both over the threshold dust and noise exposure had the highest MDA levels. The SOD level among those exposed to noise more than the recommended level, in the subgroup with more dust exposure, was significantly less than the subgroup with low noise exposure ( p = 0.017). Conclusion: Noise and dust exposure probably increase the level of oxidative stress by increasing the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reducing the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD).
Background and purpose: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, thoracic outlet syndrome, and tension neck syndrome are examples. Almost all work requires the use of the arms and hands, therefore, most WMSD affect the hands, wrists, elbows, neck, and shoulders. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of WMSDs among hospital nurses in working time. Materials and Methods: All of nurses during the period of12 months in 10 body regions were evaluated in the workplaces by checklist data sheet assessment using the nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). A cross-sectional study was performed through 2013 using by questionnaire and nurses who experienced WMSDs for at least 1 day during the past 12 months were included in the study. Results: WMSDs were seen mostly in the neck (28.2%), knees (18.2%) and upper back (17.3%). A significant relationship was seen between sex of participants (P < 0.05) and WMSDs, and there was a positive correlation between sex of subjects and WMSDs problem in the neck (P < 0.05). Body mass index was correlated to musculoskeletal disorders problems (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, subjects with patients handling/transferring had significantly higher prevalence of symptoms in most body regions than those with light physical workloads. The female nurses are more tendency to involve and occurrence of WMSDs compared to male staffs.
Abstract:This cross-sectional study investigates the time weighted average (TWA) exposure of bakeries workers to the particulate matters concentration in the randomly selected bakeries workers. Air samples were collected from worker inhalation area in the workplaces by personal sampling method (PTFE Membrane SKC Filter with 25 mm, 2.0-µm pore sizes and SKC personal samplers pump with flow rate of 2 L/min). Filters were weighted by digital balance before and after sampling in the controlled laboratory. It was found that particulate matters concentration was higher than the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) permissible exposure limit (1mg/m ). The indoor related humidity ratio (RH) and indoor dry bulb temperature 3 were 65%, 32 °C, respectively. Indoor air pollution was observed in this group after consecutively controlling the effects of indoor related humidity and indoor dry bulb temperature. Due to the design of the current crosssectional nature, causal inferences cannot be made. The limitations of design and measurement are discussed in the context of the workplaces assessment field.
One of the main essential elements for human is Manganese (Mn). Furthermore Mn is a row material for many king of ferrous foundry and there is a working exposure to Mn for workers in the workplaces. High exposure to Mn can result in increase in human tissues levels and neurological effects. Though, there should be some threshold limit value for Mn exposure related to adverse effects may occur and increase with higher exposures further than threshold limit. Conclusions from scientific literatures related to Mn toxicity revealed that this pollutant can effect on brain system and create some neurological disorders or neurological endpoints which measured in many of the occupational health assessments. Many researches have tried to show a relationship regards to biomarkers with neurological effects, such as neurological changes or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes have not been founded for Mn. More precise study need for Mn risk assessment for industrial pollution exposure and it will be used to recognize situations that may guide to understand Mn accumulation on brain and Mn metabolism in different exposed workers. Workplace evaluations for Mn will prepare valuable scientific information for the development of more scientifically sophisticated guidelines, regulations and recommendations for future study and for Mn occupational toxicity control and exposure prevention in the related workplaces.
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