Bone undergoes continuous remodeling through bone formation and resorption, and maintaining the balance for skeletal rigidity. Bone resorption and loss are generally attributed to osteoclasts. Differentiation of osteoclasts is regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-kB ligand (RANKL), a member of tumor necrosis factor family. When the balance is disturbed, pathological bone abnormality ensues. Through the screening of traditional Korean medicinal plants, the effective molecules for inhibition and stimulation of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow macrophages were identified. Among 222 methanol extracts, of medicinal plants, 10 samples exhibited ability to induce osteoclast differentiation. These include Dryobalanops aromatica, Euphoria longana, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Prunus mume, Prunus nakaii, and Polygonatum odoratum. In contrast, Ailanthus altissima, Curcuma longa, Solanum nigrum, Taraxacum platycarpa, Trichosanthes kirilowii, and Daphne genkwa showed inhibitory effects in RANKLinduced osteoclast differentiation.
Anti-cancer effects of extracts are usually studied based on methanol extraction focusing on isoflavones, the principal extracted components. In this syudy, effects of water-soluble extracts of long-term fermented containing water-soluble low Mw peptides produced by microorganisms were studied. extracts had effects which arrested the cell cycle, inhibited proliferation, and caused consequential apoptosis in breast cancer cells. water-soluble extracts increased bone density via activation of osteoblast differentiation and suppression of osteoclast differentiation. Effects increased as the fermentation period extended because the fermentation period influenced extract contents. The value and utility of as a functional food should be considered.
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