Attentional control and the relatedness proportion effect in semantic priming.

Hutchison, Keith A.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.33.4.645

Cited by 118 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Full results are presented in Table 3, and priming effects are illustrated in . This finding replicates previous findings of a RP effect on semantic priming (e.g., Hutchison, 2007;.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This RP modulation corroborates prior demonstrations that semantic priming is under strategic control (Hutchison, 2007;Neely et al, Integrative Priming 26 1989), and suggests that the lack of RP modulation in Experiment 3A was not due to spurious methodological factors. Full results are presented in Table 3, and priming effects are illustrated in .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Integrative priming occurs rapidly and uncontrollably during lexical processing.

Estes

Jones

2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

107

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Integrative Priming 2 Abstract Lexical priming, whereby a prime word facilitates recognition of a related target word (e.g., nurse doctor), is typically attributed to association strength, semantic similarity, or compound familiarity. Here we demonstrate a novel type of lexical priming that occurs among unassociated, dissimilar, and unfamiliar concepts (e.g., horse doctor). Specifically, integrative priming occurs when a prime word can be easily integrated with a target word to create a unitary representation. Across several manipulations of timing (stimulus onset asynchrony) and list context (relatedness proportion), lexical decisions for the target word were facilitated when it could be integrated with the prime word. Moreover, integrative priming was dissociated from both associative priming and semantic priming, but was comparable in terms of both prevalence (across participants) and magnitude (within-participants). This observation of integrative priming challenges current models of lexical priming, such as spreading activation, distributed representation, expectancy, episodic retrieval, and compound cue models. We suggest that integrative priming may be explained by a role activation model of relational integration. KEYWORDS: associative priming, integrative priming, lexical decision, relational integration, semantic priming, word recognition. Integrative Priming 3One of the most robust phenomena of psychology is the lexical priming effect, whereby responding to a target word is facilitated by the prior presentation of a related prime word (for extensive review see Hutchison, 2003;Lucas, 2000;McNamara, 2005;Neely, 1991). In a seminal experiment, Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971) simultaneously presented two letter strings in a lexical decision task (LDT; i.e., word/nonword judgments). They found that related words (e.g., BREAD -BUTTER) elicited faster lexical decisions than unrelated words (e.g., NURSE -BUTTER). Since that classic demonstration (see also Meyer, Schvaneveldt & Ruddy, 1975;Tweedy, Lapinski & Schvaneveldt, 1977), researchers have distinguished two broad classes of relation between primes and targets. Association refers to a relation in language use, typically defined as the proportion of participants who produce a given target word (e.g., PEPPER) in response to a cue word (e.g., SALT) in the free association task. Similarity refers to a relation in word meaning, typically defined as the degree of feature overlap between the concepts (e.g., DOG -WOLF). Thus one may distinguish associative priming, which is based on association strength, from semantic priming, which is based on featural similarity (see e.g., Fischler, 1977;Hutchison, 2003;Lucas, 2000;McNamara, 2005;McRae & Boisvert, 1998; Moss, Ostrin, Tyler & MarslenWilson, 1995;Shelton & Martin, 1992;Thompson-Schill, Kurtz & Gabrieli, 1998). The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate and characterize another source of lexical priming that is independent of both associations and similarity. Namely, we examine the influence of relational in...

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“…Full results are presented in Table 3, and priming effects are illustrated in . This finding replicates previous findings of a RP effect on semantic priming (e.g., Hutchison, 2007;.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Integrative priming occurs rapidly and uncontrollably during lexical processing.

Estes

Jones

2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

107

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“…More concretely, the complete lack of a load effect on FA priming seems to be at odds with findings from Hutchison andcolleagues (2014, see also Hutchison, 2007). They found a significant positive correlation between attentional control and FA priming, meaning that people performing well on attentional control tasks (i.e., OSPAN, antisaccade, and Stroop) showed larger priming effects for FA pairs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…On the other hand, the experimental manipulation may have (partly) missed the mark. Attentional control, as captured by Hutchison andcolleagues (2007, 2014), likely involves many abilities including verbal fluency, inhibition of distraction, and attention shifting, which could all be responsible for the observed relation with FA priming. As such, the narrower, non-verbal nature of the dot memory task may not (sufficiently) constrain the processes involved in the standard lexical decision priming paradigm, thus producing divergent results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a Working Memory Load Really Influence Semantic Priming? A Self-replication Attempt

Heyman

Goossens

Hutchison

et al. 2017

Collabra: Psychology

Self Cite

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The present paper describes two attempts to replicate a recent study of ours in the semantic priming domain (Heyman, Van Rensbergen, Storms, Hutchison, & De Deyne, 2015). In that study, we observed that semantic priming for forward associates (e.g., panda-bear) completely evaporated when participants' working memory was taxed, whereas backward (e.g., baby-stork) and symmetric associates (e.g., cat-dog) showed no ill-effects of a secondary task. This was the case for relatively long and short stimulus onset asynchronies (i.e., 1,200 ms and 200 ms, respectively). The results thus suggested that prospective target activation is, contrary to what some theories of semantic memory posit, not an automatic process. However, the two replication studies reported here cast serious doubt on this conclusion. A Bayesian analysis of all the available data indicated that there is at least substantial evidence for a priming effect in every condition, except for forward associates in the short SOA condition. The null hypothesis is still supported in the latter condition, though the replication studies weakened the evidence for a null effect. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.Keywords: semantic priming; automaticity; working memory; lexical decision IntroductionThe semantic priming effect is an often studied phenomenon by cognitive psychologists, presumably because it tells us something about the structure of semantic memory (among other things). It refers to the improvement in speed (and accuracy) when responding to a target stimulus that is preceded by a semantically related prime stimulus (see McNamara, 2005, for a review). For instance, people tend to recognize the word dog faster when they first see the related word cat. Over the years, several accounts of the semantic priming effect have been advanced, many of which were inspired by Collins and Loftus' (1975) spreading activation model of semantic processing. According to this model, conceptual knowledge is stored in a network of interconnected nodes, where each node corresponds to a concept (e.g., cat). If one processes a concept, for instance, by reading the word cat, the matching node gets activated and activation will spread to connected nodes, which entails that semantically related concepts such as dog are (partly) activated. A spreading activation mechanism can readily explain the semantic priming effect if one assumes that

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“…Dentre os estudos dos efeitos de priming semântico encontrados na literatura, a maioria deles tem sido realizada com adultos (Basnight-Brown & Altarriba, 2007;Brown & Besner, 2002;Brown, Roberts, & Besner, 2001;Coney, 2002;Davenport & Potter, 2005;Friedrich, Henik, & Tzelgov, 1991;Frost & Bentin, 1992;Hutchison, 2007;Lukatela & Turvey, 1991;McNamara, 1994;Nievas & Justicia, 2004;Nobre & McCarthy, 1995;Perea & Gotor, 1997;Perea & Rosa, 2002;Reimer, Brow, & Lorsbach, 2001;Valdés, Catena, & Marí-Beffa, 2005). Nos poucos estudos realizados com crianças/adolescentes tem sido encontrado efeito de priming semântico (Assink, Bergen, Teeseling, & Knuijt, 2004;Barry, 2007;Hala, Pexman, & Glenwright, 2007;Nievas & Justicia, 2004;Schvaneveldt, Ackerman, & Semlear, 1977;Schwantes, Boesl, & Ritz, 1980;Simpson & Forster, 1986;Simpson & Lorsbach, 1983, 1987 em amostras de algumas idades/séries e sob determinadas condições.…”

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Efeitos de priming semântico em tarefa de decisão lexical em crianças de 3ª série

Salles¹,

Machado²,

Janczura³

2011

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoNo paradigma de priming semântico, mede-se a acurácia e velocidade de resposta ao estímulo-alvo, precedido por palavra semanticamente relacionada ou não relacionada (primes). Este trabalho apresenta um estudo pré-experimental de normas de associação semântica de palavras em 156 crianças e um estudo experimental, que avalia o efeito de priming semântico em 24 crianças em uma tarefa de decisão lexical. O experimento mostrou que as decisões lexicais para alvos reais foram significativamente mais lentas e menos precisas na condição prime não relacionado comparado à condição prime relacionado. Conclui-se que houve efeitos de priming semântico no reconhecimento visual de palavras em crianças, ou seja, o contexto semântico pré-ativou a representação da palavra alvo, facilitando a decisão lexical na condição de relação semântica. Palavras-chave: Priming Semântico; Acesso Lexical; Processamento Semântico; Crianças; Decisão Lexical. AbstractIn the semantic priming paradigm, accuracy and reaction time to a target-stimulus that is preceded by a prime (semantic related or unrelated to the target) are measured. This paper presents a pre-experimental study on word semantic association norms with 156 children and an experimental study that evaluated the effect of semantic priming in 24 children during a lexical decision task. Results showed that the lexical decisions for real targets were significantly slower and less accurate in the unrelated prime condition than in the related one. It means that there were semantic priming effects in children during visual recognition of words, that is, the semantic context pre-activated the target word representation, facilitating the lexical decision in the semantic related condition. Keywords: Semantic Priming; Lexical Access; Semantic Processing; Children; Lexical Decision.A análise a respeito da possibilidade de que informações prévias facilitem o processamento de palavras é uma forma de investigar um tipo de memória considerada implícita, o priming. No campo da leitura, a investigação sobre a facilitação do contexto semântico no reconhecimento visual de palavras caracteriza o paradigma de priming semântico. No processo de reconhecimento visual de palavras, um contexto semântico é provido com a apresentação de uma palavra isolada (chamada prime), que é seguida pela apresentação de uma série de letras (chamada alvo). Mede-se a acurácia e a velocidade de resposta ao alvo, o qual pode ser precedido por uma palavra ou sentença semanticamente relacionada ou, em condições controles, precedido por uma palavra ou sentença não relacionada (Nievas & Justicia, 2004). Considera-se que uma palavra que é precedida por outra semanticamente relacionada seja processada de forma mais rápida e acurada (Davenport & Potter, 2005). Este paradigma metodológico permite estudar experimentalmente o acesso ao léxico mental e a influência do contexto semântico no reconhecimento de palavras lidas.Geralmente, utilizam-se dois tipos de tarefas experimentais para testar o efeito de priming semântico no processame...

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Attentional control and the relatedness proportion effect in semantic priming.

Cited by 118 publications

References 85 publications

Integrative priming occurs rapidly and uncontrollably during lexical processing.

Integrative priming occurs rapidly and uncontrollably during lexical processing.

Does a Working Memory Load Really Influence Semantic Priming? A Self-replication Attempt

Efeitos de priming semântico em tarefa de decisão lexical em crianças de 3ª série

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