Autonomic nervous system activity and workplace stressors—A systematic review

Jarczok, Marc N.; Jarczok, Marion; Mauss, Daniel; Koenig, Julian; Li, Jian; Herr, Raphael M.; Thayer, Julian F.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.004

Cited by 195 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Any causal effects of psychosocial working conditions on both sleep problems and long-term sickness Sleep, psychosocial working conditions and sickness absence absence may be related to stress-reactions, which could be triggered by psychosocial working conditions and increase the risk of sleep problems, health problems, and consequently sickness absence (50)(51)(52). It should be noted, though, that the empirical evidence regarding the role of biological stress mechanisms in explaining associations between psychosocial working conditions and health outcomes is mixed (53)(54)(55). This potentially complex interplay between the examined factors should be kept in mind when interpreting the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint association of sleep problems and psychosocial working conditions with registered long-term sickness absence. A Danish cohort study

Madsen¹,

Larsen²,

Thorsen³

et al. 2016

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Joint association of sleep problems and psychosocial working conditions with registered long-term sickness absence. A Danish cohort study by Madsen IEH, Larsen AD, Thorsen SV, Pejtersen JH, Rugulies R, Sivertsen B Sleep problems and psychosocial working conditions interacted in their association with long-term sickness absence. To prevent long-term sickness absence among employees with sleep problems, workplace modifications focusing on quantitative demands, role conflict and supervisor recognition may be considered, and intervening on these factors may more effectively prevent long-term sickness absence when targeted towards employees with sleep problems. Affiliation 299Original article Scand J Work Environ Health. 2016;42(4):299-308. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3571 Joint association of sleep problems and psychosocial working conditions with registered long-term sickness absence. A Danish cohort study Objectives Sleep problems and adverse psychosocial working conditions are associated with increased risk of long-term sickness absence. Because sleep problems affect role functioning they may also exacerbate any effects of psychosocial working conditions and vice versa. We examined whether sleep problems and psychosocial working conditions interact in their associations with long-term sickness absence. MethodsWe linked questionnaire data from participants to two surveys of random samples of the Danish working population (N=10 752) with registries on long-term sick leave during five years after questionnaire response. We defined sleep problems by self-reported symptoms and/or register data on hypnotics purchases of hypnotics.Psychosocial working conditions included quantitative and emotional demands, influence, supervisor recognition and social support, leadership quality, and social support from colleagues. Using time-to-event models, we calculated hazard ratios (HR) and differences and examined interaction as departure from multiplicativity and additivity.Results During 40 165 person-years of follow-up, we identified 2313 episodes of long-terms sickness absence.Sleep problems predicted risk of long-term sickness absence [HR 1.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.38-1.73]. This association was statistically significantly stronger among participants with high quantitative demands and weaker among those with high supervisor recognition (P<0.0001).Conclusions High quantitative demands exacerbated the association of sleep problems with risk of long-term sickness absence whereas high supervisor recognition buffered this association. To prevent long-term sickness absence among employees with sleep problems, workplace modifications focusing on quantitative demands and supervisor recognition may be considered. Workplace interventions for these factors may more effectively prevent sickness absence when targeted at this group. The efficacy and effectiveness of such interventions needs to be established in future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint association of sleep problems and psychosocial working conditions with registered long-term sickness absence. A Danish cohort study

Madsen¹,

Larsen²,

Thorsen³

et al. 2016

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…HRV declines and allostatic load increases with prolonged psychosocial stress 1,2,3,10 . The first question asked was whether health risk assessment by allostatic load and that by HRV give comparable results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High allostatic loads have, for instance, been associated with psychosocial stress, stress related mental and physical disorders and with increased risks for allcause mortality 1,3,13 , while low HRV is associated with increased psychosocial stress, several physical and psychological disorders and with increased risk for all-cause mortality 4,5,10 . The results thus indicate a good inverse association between total HRV and allostatic load scores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allostatic load and heart rate variability as health risk indicators

Viljoen¹,

Claassen²

2017

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Uncertainty often exists about the comparability of results obtained by different health risk indicator systems. Objectives: To compare two health risk indicator systems, i.e, allostatic load and heart rate variability (HRV). Additionally, to investigate the feasibility of inclusion of HRV indicators into allostatic load assessments and which HRV indicators are best to introduce. Methods: Allostatic loads were calculated based on blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, albumin, glycosylated haemoglobin, blood glucose and cortisol excretion. Allostatic load scores were compared to HRV results obtained by frequency domain, time domain and Poincaré analyses. Results: Negative correlations were found between allostatic loads and total HRV, for all periods and all HRV analytical techniques (r=-0.67, p=0.0001 to r=-0.435, p=0.035), and between allostatic loads and vagal measures of HRV for supine (r=-0.592, p=0.001 to r=-0.584, p=0.001) and the first 5 minutes standing (r=-0.443, p=0.021 to r=-0.407, p=0.035), with all HRV techniques. Heart rate responses declined with increases in allostatic loads. Conclusion: HRV and allostatic load scores give comparable results as health risk indicators. Baseline total HRV and vagal, rather than sympathetic, measures of HRV should be introduced into allostatic load assessments. Results are in line with the concept of vagal tone as a regulator of allostatic systems. Inclusion of heart rate responses to orthostatic stress, into allostatic load assessments, warrants further investigation. Keywords: Psychosocial stress; allostatic load; heart rate variability. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v17i2.17 Cite as: Viljoen M, Claassen N. Allostatic load and heart rate variability as health risk indicators. Afri Health Sci. 2017;17(2): 428-435. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v17i2.17

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“…Several explanations have been proposed to account for the observed association. On one hand, distinct stressphysiological processes may be triggered by recurrent exposure to an adverse psychosocial work environment, with harmful effects on a compromised myocardium, such as excessive activation of the autonomic nervous system and the neuro-endocrine stress axis of the body [38,39]. For instance, a decreased heart rate variability, a marker of sympathetic overdrive, and increased levels of cortisol secretion, a marker of a dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical stress axis, were observed to precede major adverse cardiovascular events in CHD patients [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work stress and the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease events: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Loerbroks

et al. 2014

IJOMEH

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Though much evidence indicates that work stress increases the risk of incident of coronary heart disease (CHD), little is known about the role of work stress in the development of recurrent CHD events. The objective of this study was to review and synthesize the existing epidemiological evidence on whether work stress increases the risk of recurrent CHD events in patients with the first CHD. A systematic literature search in the PubMed database (January 1990 -December 2013 for prospective studies was performed. Inclusion criteria included: peer-reviewed English papers with original data, studies with substantial follow-up (> 3 years), end points defined as cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, as well as work stress assessed with reliable and valid instruments. Meta-analysis using random-effects modeling was conducted in order to synthesize the observed effects across the studies. Five papers derived from 4 prospective studies conducted in Sweden and Canada were included in this systematic review. The measurement of work stress was based on the DemandControl model (4 papers) or the Effort-Reward Imbalance model (1 paper). According to the estimation by meta-analysis based on 4 papers, a significant effect of work stress on the risk of recurrent CHD events (hazard ratio: 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.23-2.22) was observed. Our findings suggest that, in patients with the first CHD, work stress is associated with an increased relative risk of recurrent CHD events by 65%. Due to the limited literature, more well-designed prospective research is needed to examine this association, in particular, from other than western regions of the world. MATERIAL AND METHODSIn order to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies we applied internationally established guidelines [23,24]. We searched the PubMed database by applying the following inclusion criteria: -time of publication -January 1990 -December 2013, -study design -a prospective cohort study, -peer-reviewed English-language article with original data, -study subjects -patients with the 1st CHD, -work stress -assessed with reliable and valid instruments, -end points -cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, -follow-up duration -more than 3 years, -adjustment for relevant confounding factors -such as age, gender, behavior factors, clinical features of CHD, etc. We performed literature search using (combinations of) the following medical subject headings and key words: work stress, psychosocial work characteristics, job strain, effort reward imbalance, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, recurrent, patients, prognosis, death. Random-effects modeling was used to perform meta-analysis [25]. We distinguished different levels of work stress and set a group of subjects with a low work stress level as a reference group. Then hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with a high work stress level from the selected studies were estimated. We used the Q-test for heterogeneity of the stu...

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Autonomic nervous system activity and workplace stressors—A systematic review

Cited by 195 publications

References 61 publications

Joint association of sleep problems and psychosocial working conditions with registered long-term sickness absence. A Danish cohort study

Joint association of sleep problems and psychosocial working conditions with registered long-term sickness absence. A Danish cohort study

Allostatic load and heart rate variability as health risk indicators

Work stress and the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease events: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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