Paleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinction

Knoll, Andrew H.; Bambach, Richard K.; Payne, Jonathan L.; Pruss, Sara B.; Fischer, Woodward W.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.018

Cited by 583 publications

(407 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…For example, metabolic scaling theory posits linkages across metabolic activity, form, population size, species diversity, and other variables (67)(68)(69). The apparent relationship between metabolic activity and some mass extinctions (33,70), suggests that the relationship between scaling theory and extinction is worth exploring, as are species-energy relationships (71,72).…”

Section: Metrics For the Loss Of Evolutionary Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction as the loss of evolutionary history

Erwin

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Current plant and animal diversity preserves at most 1-2% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years. But understanding the evolutionary impact of these extinctions requires a variety of metrics. The traditional measurement is loss of taxa (species or a higher category) but in the absence of phylogenetic information it is difficult to distinguish the evolutionary depth of different patterns of extinction: the same species loss can encompass very different losses of evolutionary history. Furthermore, both taxic and phylogenetic measures are poor metrics of morphologic disparity. Other measures of lost diversity include: functional diversity, architectural components, behavioral and social repertoires, and developmental strategies. The canonical five mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic reveals the loss of different, albeit sometimes overlapping, aspects of loss of evolutionary history. The end-Permian mass extinction (252 Ma) reduced all measures of diversity. The same was not true of other episodes, differences that may reflect their duration and structure. The construction of biodiversity reflects similarly uneven contributions to each of these metrics. Unraveling these contributions requires greater attention to feedbacks on biodiversity and the temporal variability in their contribution to evolutionary history. Taxic diversity increases after mass extinctions, but the response by other aspects of evolutionary history is less well studied. Earlier views of postextinction biotic recovery as the refilling of empty ecospace fail to capture the dynamics of this diversity increase.biodiversity ͉ morphologic disparity ͉ ecosystem engineering

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Section: Metrics For the Loss Of Evolutionary Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction as the loss of evolutionary history

Erwin

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Following the major mass extinction at the end of the Permian (Erwin, 1993;Knoll et al, 2007;Yin et al, 2007;Shen et al, 2011;Foster and Twitchett, 2014), a several meter thick interval of carbonate rocks with distinctive spotted, dendritic and netlike fabrics formed in low latitude shallow seas in southern China. It has recently been proposed (Wu et al, 2014) that shallow marine eutrophication resulted in intense surface water blooms of the planktic cyanobacterium, Microcystis (Šejnohová and Maršálek, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and lifestyle of calcified cyanobacteria (Stanieria) in Permian–Triassic boundary microbialites

Jiang

et al. 2016

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…While physiological adaptation can occur, extended exposure (more than 60 days) to anoxia leads to total mortality (Knoll et al 2007). The likelihood of such prolonged exposure will depend on how well different parts of the deep sea are ventilated.…”

Section: (A ) Eutrophication and Anoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean fertilization: a potential means of geoengineering?

Lampitt

Achterberg

Anderson

et al. 2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

152

121

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The oceans sequester carbon from the atmosphere partly as a result of biological productivity. Over much of the ocean surface, this productivity is limited by essential nutrients and we discuss whether it is likely that sequestration can be enhanced by supplying limiting nutrients. Various methods of supply have been suggested and we discuss the efficacy of each and the potential side effects that may develop as a result. Our conclusion is that these methods have the potential to enhance sequestration but that the current level of knowledge from the observations and modelling carried out to date does not provide a sound foundation on which to make clear predictions or recommendations. For ocean fertilization to become a viable option to sequester CO 2 , we need more extensive and targeted fieldwork and better mathematical models of ocean biogeochemical processes. Models are needed both to interpret field observations and to make reliable predictions about the side effects of large-scale fertilization. They would also be an essential tool with which to verify that sequestration has effectively taken place. There is considerable urgency to address climate change mitigation and this demands that new fieldwork plans are developed rapidly. In contrast to previous experiments, these must focus on the specific objective which is to assess the possibilities of CO 2 sequestration through fertilization.

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Paleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinction

Cited by 583 publications

References 119 publications

Extinction as the loss of evolutionary history

Extinction as the loss of evolutionary history

Role and lifestyle of calcified cyanobacteria (Stanieria) in Permian–Triassic boundary microbialites

Ocean fertilization: a potential means of geoengineering?

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