“…Included studies were of fair to excellent quality, as determined by the MMAT. Khoshnami's et al () qualitative study was the most relevant and rigorous, having thoroughly considered reflexivity and taken measures to reduce bias; resulting in evidence‐based conclusions. Nevertheless, some lacked evidence of statistical analysis ( N = 7) and consideration of bias; limiting the degree to which conclusions can be drawn.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Participants in Khoshnami et al's qualitative study felt that their beauty had been destroyed, causing non‐acceptance and worry it would not improve. Patients stated:“I always have the chagrin of my previous face”; “you became like a ghost without a face” (Khoshnami et al, p. 612–613).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…“I always have the chagrin of my previous face”; “you became like a ghost without a face” (Khoshnami et al, p. 612–613).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patients often felt futile post vitriolage, particularly when faced with sudden disfiguration. Individuals stated:“I have no hope of recovery”; “I am very exhausted”; “In the first few months I was broken”; “I was not the previous person, I couldn't bear anything” (Khoshnami et al, , p.612).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…“I have no hope of recovery”; “I am very exhausted”; “In the first few months I was broken”; “I was not the previous person, I couldn't bear anything” (Khoshnami et al, , p.612).…”
Aims
To analyse quality of life post vitriolage and explore factors affecting an individual's everyday functioning after an acid attack.
Design
Integrative review.
Data Sources
Articles (N = 570) retrieved from Medline, CINAHL Embase and Psychinfo between 2004–2017. Reference chaining and hand‐searching yielded 12 further articles. A total 12 articles were reviewed.
Review Methods
Whittemore and Knalf (2005) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52, 546–553.
Results
Five themes were identified; contextual factors, physical wounds, psychological wounds, social wounds, and legal factors, as demonstrated by a conceptual model exploring traumatic events experienced by survivors.
Conclusion
The event, the burn injury itself, scarring and ocular damage are core factors that impair quality of life. Patients find it difficult to reintegrate into society following the assault and discrepancies between medico‐legal and social services further prevent them from achieving their pre‐morbid level of functioning. Nurses can use the biopsychosocial findings of this review to provide effective care for those assaulted by acid. It also provides a basis of discussion and application to other permanently disfiguring conditions and intentional injuries.
Impact
This review has found survivors of acid assaults experience legal, physical, psychological, and social problems. Findings suggest that no single person will have the same experiences since the burden of injury is dependent on socio‐cultural and contextual factors rather than the degree of injury alone. Inadequate coordination between multidisciplinary services hinders reintegration into society; causing permanent traumatization for some survivors. This review can assist nurses in understanding how acid assaults impact on quality of life to enable more holistic care provision.
“…Included studies were of fair to excellent quality, as determined by the MMAT. Khoshnami's et al () qualitative study was the most relevant and rigorous, having thoroughly considered reflexivity and taken measures to reduce bias; resulting in evidence‐based conclusions. Nevertheless, some lacked evidence of statistical analysis ( N = 7) and consideration of bias; limiting the degree to which conclusions can be drawn.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Participants in Khoshnami et al's qualitative study felt that their beauty had been destroyed, causing non‐acceptance and worry it would not improve. Patients stated:“I always have the chagrin of my previous face”; “you became like a ghost without a face” (Khoshnami et al, p. 612–613).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…“I always have the chagrin of my previous face”; “you became like a ghost without a face” (Khoshnami et al, p. 612–613).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patients often felt futile post vitriolage, particularly when faced with sudden disfiguration. Individuals stated:“I have no hope of recovery”; “I am very exhausted”; “In the first few months I was broken”; “I was not the previous person, I couldn't bear anything” (Khoshnami et al, , p.612).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…“I have no hope of recovery”; “I am very exhausted”; “In the first few months I was broken”; “I was not the previous person, I couldn't bear anything” (Khoshnami et al, , p.612).…”
Aims
To analyse quality of life post vitriolage and explore factors affecting an individual's everyday functioning after an acid attack.
Design
Integrative review.
Data Sources
Articles (N = 570) retrieved from Medline, CINAHL Embase and Psychinfo between 2004–2017. Reference chaining and hand‐searching yielded 12 further articles. A total 12 articles were reviewed.
Review Methods
Whittemore and Knalf (2005) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52, 546–553.
Results
Five themes were identified; contextual factors, physical wounds, psychological wounds, social wounds, and legal factors, as demonstrated by a conceptual model exploring traumatic events experienced by survivors.
Conclusion
The event, the burn injury itself, scarring and ocular damage are core factors that impair quality of life. Patients find it difficult to reintegrate into society following the assault and discrepancies between medico‐legal and social services further prevent them from achieving their pre‐morbid level of functioning. Nurses can use the biopsychosocial findings of this review to provide effective care for those assaulted by acid. It also provides a basis of discussion and application to other permanently disfiguring conditions and intentional injuries.
Impact
This review has found survivors of acid assaults experience legal, physical, psychological, and social problems. Findings suggest that no single person will have the same experiences since the burden of injury is dependent on socio‐cultural and contextual factors rather than the degree of injury alone. Inadequate coordination between multidisciplinary services hinders reintegration into society; causing permanent traumatization for some survivors. This review can assist nurses in understanding how acid assaults impact on quality of life to enable more holistic care provision.
By taking into consideration films as a method of dissemination of knowledge, the article examines the relationship between epistemic change, an understanding of epistemic injustice, and the prior epistemic convictions of characters, as well as everyday resistance, in the film Chhapaak, translated as Splash, an Indian Hindi‐language biographical drama film that portrays the life of Laxmi Agarwal, a survivor of an acid attack. The first section of the article contextualizes the story of the film through the trajectories of acid attacks in India. This is followed by discussions on epistemic injustice and collective wrongdoing through the lived realities of acid attack victims and survivors as depicted in the film. The article also highlights how these individuals exhibit everyday resistance and strive to bring about transformation in society. The article concludes with discussions on the epistemic, socio‐cultural, and hermeneutical responsibilities of people that can make society a safe place for all, especially girls and women in India. The article concludes by examining the epistemic, socio‐cultural, and hermeneutical responsibilities that individuals must undertake in order to create a secure environment for all members of society, with a particular focus on girls and women in India.
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